Native Americans | Page 43

Letter from David Olmsted to Antoine Grignon

Letter sent from David Olmsted to Antoine Grignon requesting tea and sugar, June 21, 1851. Olmsted was living at and managing a trading post at Long Prairie at the time. From the Eben Douglas Pierce papers (Manuscripts Collection, Wisconsin Historical Society, Madison). Used with the permission of the Wisconsin Historical Society.

Hay-nee-ah-cha (Soaking Mountain, also known as Trempealeau Mountain)

Hay-nee-ah-cha (Soaking Mountain, also known as Trempealeau Mountain), Trempealeau Bay, Mississippi River. Photograph by Grant Pavek, date unknown. Used with the permission of Grant Pavek.

Antoine Grignon

Antoine Grignon, ca. 1900. Printed in Recollections of Antoine Grignon (Proceedings of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin at its 61st Annual Meeting Held Oct. 22 and Dec. 19, 1913): 110–136. Photograph Collection, Wisconsin Historical Society, Madison. Used with the permission of the Wisconsin Historical Society.

Grignon, Antoine (1829–1913)

Antoine Grignon was a French Indigenous interpreter and fur trader who lived and worked along the Mississippi River between Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, and St. Paul, Minnesota. With Ho-Chunk (Winnebago), Dakota, and French roots and a bilingual education, Antoine, like many mixed-race people, was frequently called upon to interpret or negotiate for the US government.

Trading license issued to Joseph Rock (Roc)

Trading license issued to Joseph Roc (Rock) by St. Peters Indian Agent Lawrence Taliaferro. The license allows Roc to trade with the Sisseton and Yankton Dakota (Sioux) at the place known as "Little Rock" for one year.

Roc, Augustin (1787–ca. 1857)

Augustin Roc was one of several generations of the Couilland dit Roc family who traded and lived on the upper Mississippi and St. Peters Rivers. As the nature of the trade between Europeans and the local Dakota people evolved, Roc moved, gradually progressing up the Mississippi River. In addition to trading, Roc worked for the United States as an interpreter because of his knowledge of and connections with the Dakota.