How The Environment Has Shaped the State

From Sustenance to Leisure on Minnesota Land

Expert Essay: Associate professor of history Michael J. Lansing, published in Environmental History as well as Ethics, Place, and Environment, highlights the many ways people have made use of Minnesota's flora and fauna over time and reviews the state's more recent efforts at conservation.

Andrews, Christopher Columbus (1829–1922)

Christopher Columbus (C. C.) Andrews was a Minnesota lawyer and publisher known for his military service in Tennessee, Mississippi, and Arkansas during the Civil War. After working as an international diplomat in the 1870s and 80s, he embarked on a second career as a pioneer of scientific forestry and Minnesota's first chief fire warden. His work led to the creation of the two national forests in Minnesota and a state forest named in his honor.

General Andrews Rest Area and historic marker

General Andrews Rest Area and historic marker

Historic marker at an I-35 rest stop in Minnesota named after C. C. Andrews. Photo by Rick Magee, 2024.

C. C. Andrews, ca. 1922

C. C. Andrews, ca. 1922

C. C. Andrews, ca. 1922.

C. C. Andrews, 1916

C. C. Andrews, 1916

C. C. Andrews, 1916.

C. C. Andrews, 1916

C. C. Andrews, 1916

C. C. Andrews, 1916. Photo by Lee Bros.

C. C. Andrews, 1889

C. C. Andrews, 1889

C. C. Andrews, 1889.

Major General C. C. Andrews, ca. 1865

Major General C. C. Andrews, ca. 1865

Major General C. C. Andrews, ca. 1865.

C. C. Andrews, 1861 or 1862

C. C. Andrews, 1861 or 1862

Ambrotype of C. C. Andrews in uniform. The number and arrangement of buttons on his frock coat, in the junior-officer style, indicate that he had not yet been promoted above the rank of captain, and that the photograph was taken in 1861 or 1862.

C. C. Andrews, ca. 1845

C. C. Andrews, ca. 1845

Daguerreotype of C. C. Andrews, about sixteen years old, ca. 1845.

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