Runes of the North (book cover)

Runes of the North

The cover of Runes of the North, written by Sigurd Olson, illustrated by Robert Hines, and published by Alfred A. Knopf in 1963.

Sigurd Olson, Tom Savage, and Russell Fridley

Sigurd Olson, Tom Savage, and Russell Fridley (left to right) meet at the confluence of the Minnesota and Mississippi Rivers (Bdote) to survey the recently created Fort Snelling State Park.

Sigurd F. Olson, ca. 1960

Sigurd F. Olson

Sigurd F. Olson, ca. 1960. Photograph by Eugene D. Becker.

Sigurd F. Olson, 1959

Sigurd F. Olson

Sigurd F. Olson, 1959.

Sigurd F. Olson, ca. 1949.

Sigurd F. Olson

Sigurd F. Olson, ca. 1949.

First mine on the Mesabi Range, near Mountain Iron, ca. 1892.

First mine on the Mesabi Range

First mine on the Mesabi Range, near Mountain Iron, ca. 1892.

The Hull-Rust-Mahoning mine in Hibbing, Minnesota, is the largest open-pit iron mine in Minnesota. As of 2020, material is still mined from the complex by Hibbing Taconite, or HibTac. Photograph by Wikimedia Commons user Chipcity, August 7, 2010. CC BY-SA 3.0.

Hull-Rust-Mahoning open pit mine

The Hull-Rust-Mahoning mine in Hibbing, Minnesota, is the largest open-pit iron mine in Minnesota. As of 2020, material is still mined from the complex by Hibbing Taconite, or HibTac. Photograph by Wikimedia Commons user Chipcity, August 7, 2010. CC BY-SA 3.0.

Mesabi Iron Range

The Mesabi Iron Range wasn’t the first iron range to be mined in Minnesota, but it has arguably been the most prolific. Since the 1890s, the Mesabi has produced iron ore that boosted the national economy, contributed to the Allied victory in World War II, and cultivated a multiethnic regional culture in northeast Minnesota.

This map shows where ginseng is found within the state. The data were gathered from Bell Museum Herbarium records.

Map of ginseng in Minnesota

Map showing where ginseng is found within the state. The data were gathered from the records of the Bell Museum Herbarium.

Clipping from the St. Paul Weekly newspaper, June 11, 1859. This article mentions the number of people who have moved to “around Northfield” to dig Ginseng. It also mentions that “At Faribault sales amount to five or six tons per week.”

“Everybody is Going for Ginseng”

Clipping from the St. Paul Weekly newspaper, June 11, 1859. The article mentions the number of people who have moved to “around Northfield” to dig ginseng. It also mentions that “At Faribault sales amount to five or six tons per week.”

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