Environment | Page 20

Hull-Rust-Mahoning open pit mine

The Hull-Rust-Mahoning mine in Hibbing, Minnesota, is the largest open-pit iron mine in Minnesota. As of 2020, material is still mined from the complex by Hibbing Taconite, or HibTac. Photograph by Wikimedia Commons user Chipcity, August 7, 2010. CC BY-SA 3.0.

Mesabi Iron Range

The Mesabi Iron Range wasn’t the first iron range to be mined in Minnesota, but it has arguably been the most prolific. Since the 1890s, the Mesabi has produced iron ore that boosted the national economy, contributed to the Allied victory in World War II, and cultivated a multiethnic regional culture in northeast Minnesota.

This map shows where ginseng is found within the state. The data were gathered from Bell Museum Herbarium records.

Map of ginseng in Minnesota

Map showing where ginseng is found within the state. The data were gathered from the records of the Bell Museum Herbarium.

Clipping from the St. Paul Weekly newspaper, June 11, 1859. This article mentions the number of people who have moved to “around Northfield” to dig Ginseng. It also mentions that “At Faribault sales amount to five or six tons per week.”

“Everybody is Going for Ginseng”

Clipping from the St. Paul Weekly newspaper, June 11, 1859. The article mentions the number of people who have moved to “around Northfield” to dig ginseng. It also mentions that “At Faribault sales amount to five or six tons per week.”

"Ginseng Leaving for Philadelphia"

A clipping from the St. Paul Weekly newspaper, June 11, 1859, that mentions people squatting “round the Ginseng Roots in the Big Woods.”

Ginseng

Colored engraving of ginseng by Jacob Bigelow (1786–1879). From Wikimedia Commons: "'American medical botany being a collection of the native medicinal plants of the United States, containing their botanical history and chemical analysis, and properties and uses in medicine, diet and the arts,'" by Jacob Bigelow, 1786/7–1879. Publication in Boston by Cummings and Hilliard, 1817–1820.”

Ginseng Boom in Rice County, 1858–1859

The demand for American ginseng (panax quinquefolius), which grew abundantly in the “Big Woods,” reached its peak in 1859. Following a nationwide economic panic in 1857, and near crop failure for Rice County in 1858, many locals found themselves in dire circumstances. Enticed by ginseng’s profitability and local abundance, settler-colonists were quickly overcome by “ginseng fever,” which led many to dig up as much of the aromatic green root as they could. However, it was not long before excessive exploitation depleted easily accessed ginseng and the rising grain market encouraged farmers to work the land again.