Fragment of rope which formed part of the noose used to hang William Willams

Fragment of execution rope

Fragment of execution rope used to hang William Williams in 1906. The rope was too long, causing a slow, grisly death and prompting Minnesota to end the death penalty. Williams was the last person to be executed in Minnesota.

Poster advertising the Farmers' Holiday Association including a photograph of marchers

Farmer's Holiday

Farmer's Holiday Association poster featuring a photograph of Grant County farmers marching to the State Capitol, c.1935.

photograph of a group of men gathered around a desk in the State Office Building

Farmers Holiday Association conference, State Office Building, St. Paul

Farmers Holiday Association conference, State Office Building, St. Paul. January 1938. Photograph by Brown & Fenny.

photograph of Farmer's Holiday Association representatives with Harry L. Hopkins

Administration head Harry L. Hopkins to discuss drought relief

Farmers Holiday Association representatives meet with Works Progress Administration head Harry L. Hopkins to discuss drought relief, 1936. Photograph by the St. Paul Daily News.

photograph of crowd on St. Paul capitol building steps

Farmers storm Capitol to demand relief

Farmers storm Capitol to demand relief, March 22, 1933. Photograph by the St. Paul Daily News.

Photograph of marchers on a St. Paul street under a Farmers' Holiday sign

Farmers Holiday Association marching from Capitol to demand relief.

Farmers Holiday Association marching from Capitol to demand relief, March 22, 1933. Photograph by the St. Paul Daily News.

Photograph of John B. Bosch

John B. Bosch

John B. Bosch, leader of the Farmers' Holiday Association in Minnesota, c.1915.

Grant County farmers among the marchers to the State Capitol.

Grant County Farmer's Holiday Association among the marchers to the State Capitol, 1935. Photograph by George E. Luxton.

Farmers' Holiday Association in Minnesota

The Farmers' Holiday Association was formed in 1932. The Midwestern organization successfully fought against farm foreclosures with novel strategies like penny auctions, but unsuccessfully lobbied Congress for a federal system that would pay farmers for their crops based on the cost of production.

Karl Rolvaag campaigning, profile

Karl Rolvaag campaigning

Karl Rolvaag campaigning, c.1962. Photograph by Jerome Liebling.

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