Inyan Ceyaka Otunwe

Inyan Ceyaka Otunwe (Village at the Barrier of Stone), also called Little Rapids or simply Inyan Ceyaka, was a summer planting village of the Wahpeton Dakota. Located near present-day Jordan on the Minnesota River, the village was occupied by the Wahpeton during the early 1800s, and likely before. Burial mounds indicate that Paleo-Americans—possible ancestors of the Dakota—lived at the site as early as 100 CE.

Black and white photograph of Dakota leader Wakan Ozanzan(Medicine Bottle) at Fort Snelling, 1864.

Wakan Ozanzan (Medicine Bottle) at Fort Snelling

Wakan Ozanzan (Medicine Bottle) at Fort Snelling, 1864.

Black and white photograph of Dakota leader Sakpedan (Little Six, “Shakopee III”) at Fort Snelling, 1864.

Dakota leader Sakpedan (Little Six, “Shakopee III”) at Fort Snelling

Dakota leader Sakpedan (Little Six, “Shakopee III”) at Fort Snelling, 1864.

Black and white photograph of a Dakota boy at the concentration camp below Fort Snelling, 1863. Photograph by Whitney’s Gallery.

Dakota Boy at Fort Snelling concentration camp

Dakota boy at the concentration camp below Fort Snelling, 1863. Photograph by Whitney’s Gallery.

Black and white photograph of wo Dakota men at the Fort Snelling concentration camp, c.1862–1863. Photograph by Benjamin Franklin Upton.

Two Dakota men at the Fort Snelling concentration camp

Two Dakota men at the Fort Snelling concentration camp, c.1862–1863. Photograph by Benjamin Franklin Upton.

Black and white photograph of Apistoka at Fort Snelling concentration camp, c.1862–1863. Photograph by Benjamin Franklin Upton.

Apistoka at Fort Snelling concentration camp

Apistoka at Fort Snelling concentration camp, c.1862–1863. Photograph by Benjamin Franklin Upton.

Black and white photograph of two Dakota women at the Fort Snelling concentration camp, c.1862–1863. Photograph by Joel Emmons Whitney.

Dakota Women at Fort Snelling concentration camp

Two Dakota women at the Fort Snelling concentration camp, c.1862–1863. Photograph by Joel Emmons Whitney.

Black and white photograph of the the Dakota concentration camp on the river flats below Fort Snelling, c.1862–1863.

Dakota concentration camp below Fort Snelling

View of the Dakota concentration camp on the river flats below Fort Snelling, c.1862–1863. Photograph by Benjamin Franklin Upton.

Black and white photograph of Treaty Delegation, 1858.

Joseph R. Brown and Dakota delegation

Participants in the Treaty of Washington, including Henry Belland, Joseph Renshaw Brown, Nathaniel R. Brown, Antoine Joseph Campbell, and the Dakota leaders Wabasha and Mankato, 1858. Photographed by Charles DeForest Fredericks.

Black and white photograph of Hazel Belvo, George Morrison, and their son, Briand Morrison, c.1978.

Hazel Belvo, George Morrison, and their son, Briand Morrison

Hazel Belvo, George Morrison, and their son, Briand Morrison, c.1978. Photograph by Victor Bloomfield.

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