The congregation of Brown’s Chapel, Hastings, gathered in front of their church. Photograph by Howard Crosby ca. 1900. The photo was originally published in the Hastings Gazette on September 2, 1949. Pictured are the congregation's minister (in the top hat), brass band musician John Goodman (front row, right), Mrs. Weldon, Mrs. Curry, and Mr. Wallace (at left in the second row). Bill Douglas stands on the platform in the rear.

Nellie Stone Johnson speaking at a performance of the Count Basie Orchestra at the Riverview. Photograph by Charles Chambliss, December 16, 1980.

Nellie Stone Johnson at work inside Nellie's Shirt and Zipper repair shop, Lumber Exchange Building 1035, Minneapolis, November 1980. Photograph by Elizabeth M. Hall.

Award of excellence presented to the designers of a Oromo cultural exhibit at the Festival of Nations in St. Paul, 1994. Used with the permission of Teferi Fufa.

Members of the Union of Oromo Students in North America (UOSNA) perform at a cultural event, 1983. Used with the permission of Teferi Fufa.

Oromo Minnesotans display cultural artifacts and theme-based narratives at their booth at the Festival of Nations in St. Paul, ca. 1980s. Used with the permission of Teferi Fufa.

Oromo immigrants and refugees in Minnesota meet informally at the home of a community member, 1983.

The Oromo booth at the Festival of Nations in St. Paul, ca. mid-1980s. Used with the permission of Teferi Fufa.

Oromo immigrants and refugees gather at the home of a community member in the Twin Cities, 1984. Used with the permission of Teferi Fufa.