Shaynowishkung (He Who Rattles, also called Chief Bemidji), about 1900.

Shaynowishkung (He Who Rattles, also called Chief Bemidji), seated, with his family, about 1900. He is holding his Diamond Oak cane and opwaagan (sacred pipe).

Shaynowishkung (He Who Rattles, also called Chief Bemidji), about 1895.

Cover of the sheet music of “Rag Time Mixes My Brain,” featuring a photograph of Mary Marble performing in drag at the California Theater in San Francisco, 1900. Marble performed in Minnesota in 1897. Reproduced in Amy Sueyoshi’s “Mindful Masquerades: Que(e)rying Japanese Immigrant Dress in Turn-of-the-Century San Francisco,” Frontiers 26, no. 3 (2005): 67–100.