Ojibwe family in a canoe on Lake Vermilion (Onamuni Zaaga’iganiin, the lake with the sunset glow), ca. 1905.

An Ojibwe family make a birchbark canoe in Ely, ca. 1890–1910.

An Ojibwe man (possibly Paul LaGarde) standing on the Grand Portage trail on July 10, 1922, during an expedition initiated by Minnesota Historical Society director Solon Buck. The man is identified as a guide who helped MNHS Field Secretary Cecil Shirk and Minneapolis journalist Paul Bliss retrace the trail, which was threatened by private landowners. Publicity from the expedition sparked interest amongst white Minnesotans in preserving the trail and depot sites.

Ojibwe men, possibly at 1857 or 1862 treaty signing in Washington, DC. Photographer: Matthew B. Brady. To make way for the farm, the land first needed to be alienated from native peoples. Treaty negotiations started this process.